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WORDS OF CONNECTIONS (CONECTIVOS)

Os conectivos, mais freqüentemente usados, são:
Em primeiro lugar, ... / Para começar, ...
First of all, ... / In the first place, ... / To begin with, ...
De acordo com ...
According to ...
Principalmente ...
Especially ... / Mainly ...
A principal razão ... / O principal motivo ...
The main reason ...
A partir de agora ... / De agora em diante ...
From now on ...
Por enquanto (passado) ... / Até agora ...
So far ... / Up till now ...
Por enquanto (futuro) ... / Até que mude de idéia.
... for some time. / ... for a while. / For the time being ...
Ainda não ...
... not ... yet.
Nesse meio tempo, ... / Enquanto isso, ...
In the meantime, ... / Meanwhile, ...
Em meio a ...
In the midst of ...
Via de regra ...
As a rule ...
Sempre que ...
Whenever ...
À medida em que o tempo passa, ...
As time goes by, ...
A propósito, por falar nisso, ...
By the way, … / Speaking of that, …
Pelo que eu sei, … / Pelo que me consta, … / Que eu saiba, …
As far as I know, … / As far as I can tell, … / To the best of my knowledge, …
No que se refere a mim, … / No que diz respeito a mim, …
As far as I'm concerned, …
Do ponto de vista de …
From the standpoint of …
Sem dúvida …
Without a doubt …/ Of course …
Da mesma forma que …
In the same way that …
De maneira (forma) que …
So that … / In order that …
Desde que …
As long as …
Em outras palavras, … / O que eu quero dizer ... / Quer dizer, … / Ou seja, …
In other words, … / What I'm trying to say ... / That is, …
Por um lado, …
On the one hand, …
Por sua vez, ... In his/her/its turn, ...
Por outro lado, … / Em compensação, …
On the other hand, …
Da mesma forma, … / Por seu turno …
Likewise …
Enquanto que … / Ao passo que …
While … / Whereas …
Entretanto, … / No entanto, …
However, …
Embora … / Mesmo que …
Although … / Even though … / Even if …
Em último caso, … As a last resort, …
Mesmo assim, …
Nevertheless, … / Still, …
Apesar de …
In spite of … / Despite …
Além disto, …
Besides that, … / In addition to that, …
Não apenas …, mas também …
Not only …, but also …
Afora isso, …
Aside from that, …
Pelo menos … At least …
De qualquer modo, … / Seja como for, …
Anyway, … / At any rate, … / In any case, …
Senão … / Caso contrário … / Sob pena de ...
Otherwise … / Or else ...
Ao contrário de …
Unlike …
Em vez de … / Ao invés de …
Instead of … / In place of …
A não ser que …
Unless …
A não ser por … / Com exceção de …
Except for …
Uma vez que … / Já que …
Since …
Afinal … After all …
Por exemplo, …
For example, … / For instance, …
Em função de … / Devido a …
In face of … / Due to …
Por esta razão, … / Neste sentido … / Desta forma, … / Diante do exposto, … / Levando isto em consideração, …
For this reason, … / With this in mind, …
Portanto, …
Therefore, … / So, …
Finalmente, … / Por fim, …
Finally, … / At last, …
Levando tudo isso em consideração, … / Em resumo, …
All things considered, … / Finally, … / In summary, …

 

Abaixo segue uma lista abrangente de palavras e locuções conectivas, agrupadas por tipo de ligação que estabelecem. Esta lista é de utilidade especialmente para alunos avançados que possuem boa familiaridade com redação em inglês:

INTRODUCTION
concerning
first of all
in the first place
initially
on the one hand 
regarding
speaking of
to begin with 
to start with
as referred to
(at) first
by the way
changing the subject 

 
AGREEMENT
in accordance 
in agreement
in conformity
according to
as per

 
CONTRAST
by the same token
conversely
despite
even though
for all that
for (my, his, ...) part
however
in contrast
in (the) face of
in (the) light of
in spite of (that)
meanwhile
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding
on the contrary
on the other hand
still
then again
though
unlike
whereas
while
yet
after (all)
alternatively
although
as opposed to
at the same time
but

 
COMPARISON 
in comparison (with) 
in the same way
similarly
comparing
likewise

 
EMPHASIS
in any event
indeed
in fact
in particular
more important(ly) 
most important(ly)
naturally
particularly
positively
primarily
principally
specifically
the basic cause 
the chief factor
the key point
the main reason
unquestionably
valuable to note
without a doubt 
above all
a key feature
a major concern
definitely
especially significant 
even more

 
ADDITION
both ... and
either ... or
equally important 
further
furthermore
in addition (to)
indeed
jointly
last but not least
likewise
moreover
neither ... nor
next
not only ... but also
not to mention
not to speak of
on top of that 
or
plus
similarly
together with
what's more
again
also
and (then)
as well as
at the same time 
besides

 
TIME RELATIONSHIP
nowadays
presently
shortly (after)
simultaneously 
since
so far
soon
temporarily
then
thereafter
throughout
thereupon
until
up until now
while
yet at the same time 
after a while
afterward(s)
as time goes by 
at last
at present
at this point
currently
here
immediately
in the meantime 
lately
later
meanwhile
now

 
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS
later
after that 
finally
first
second
third
following 
then
next

 
EXPLANATION OF CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE 
as
because
due to
for
in order that 
now that
since
so (that)
that is because 
that is why

 
RESULT
hence
in short
so much (so) that 
so ... that
such ... that
then
thereby
therefore 
thus
truly
accordingly
as a consequence 
as a result
consequently
for this reason

 
CIRCUMSTANCES
in my opinion
in terms of
in the midst of 
on the part of
as a last resort
as a rule
from the standpoint of 

 
PARTIAL COMMITMENT 
as far as I understand 
as well as I know
for the time being
so far 
as far as I know
as far as I'm concerned

 
CONDITION 
if not
in case of
in case (that)
in the event of 
in the event (that) 
only if
or (else)
otherwise
provided (that)
providing (that)
whether or not
as long as
even if
if

 
DISMISSAL
anyway
at any rate 
in any case
whatever the case may be 

 
EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION 
aside from
except for
not ... yet
unless

 
EXAMPLE
including
in particular
in this case
in this manner
namely
such as
take the case of
that is
the following example
to illustrate
for example
for instance
in another case

 
PURPOSE
in order to
in return for
to the purpose of 
to this end
with this in mind
with this purpose
for this reason
for your information 
in an effort to

 
SUBSTITUTION
in place of
instead of
or rather 
in exchange for

 
REITERATION / REFORMULATION 
as I have said
in other words
more simply
rather
that is
to put it another way

 
INTERMEDIATING 
in doing so
this way
through (which) 
by
by means of

 
CONCESSION 
at the same time 
granted that
I admit
it may appear that 
naturally
of course
after all
although it is true that
although this may be true 

 
EVIDENCE 
indeed
it's no wonder
naturally
needless to say 
obviously
of course
without question 
without a doubt
as you (anyone) can see 
certainly
evidently

 
CONCLUSION / SUMMARY
in conclusion 
in short
in summary
last(ly)
on the whole
overall
thus
to conclude
to summarize 
to sum up
after all
all in all
all things considered 
as I have said
as we have seen
at last
finally
in brief

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