|
WORDS OF CONNECTIONS (CONECTIVOS) |
- Os conectivos, mais
freqüentemente usados, são:
-
Em primeiro lugar, ... / Para
começar, ...
|
-
First of all, ... / In the first
place, ... / To begin with, ...
|
-
De acordo com ...
|
-
According to ...
|
-
Principalmente ...
|
-
Especially ... / Mainly ...
|
-
A principal razão ... / O principal
motivo ...
|
-
The main reason ...
|
-
A partir de agora ... / De agora em
diante ...
|
-
From now on ...
|
-
Por enquanto (passado) ... / Até
agora ...
|
-
So far ... / Up till now ...
|
-
Por enquanto (futuro) ... / Até que
mude de idéia.
|
-
... for some time. / ... for a while.
/ For the time being ...
|
-
Ainda não ...
|
-
... not ... yet.
|
-
Nesse meio tempo, ... / Enquanto
isso, ...
|
-
In the meantime, ... / Meanwhile,
...
|
-
Em meio a ...
|
-
In the midst of ...
|
-
Via de regra ...
|
-
As a rule ...
|
-
Sempre que ...
|
-
Whenever ...
|
-
À medida em que o tempo passa, ...
|
-
As time goes by, ...
|
-
A propósito, por falar nisso, ...
|
-
By the way, … / Speaking of that, …
|
-
Pelo que eu sei, … / Pelo que me
consta, … / Que eu saiba, …
|
-
As far as I know, … / As far as I
can tell, … / To the best of my
knowledge, …
|
-
No que se refere a mim, … / No que
diz respeito a mim, …
|
-
As far as I'm concerned, …
|
-
Do ponto de vista de …
|
-
From the standpoint of …
|
-
Sem dúvida …
|
-
Without a doubt …/ Of course …
|
-
Da mesma forma que …
|
-
In the same way that …
|
-
De maneira (forma) que …
|
-
So that … / In order that …
|
-
Desde que …
|
-
As long as …
|
-
Em outras palavras, … / O que eu
quero dizer ... / Quer dizer, … / Ou
seja, …
|
-
In other words, … / What I'm trying
to say ... / That is, …
|
-
Por um lado, …
|
On the one hand, … |
| Por
sua vez, ... |
In his/her/its turn, ... |
-
Por outro lado, … / Em compensação,
…
|
-
On the other hand, …
|
-
Da mesma forma, … / Por seu turno …
|
-
Likewise …
|
-
Enquanto que … / Ao passo que …
|
-
While … / Whereas …
|
-
Entretanto, … / No entanto, …
|
-
However, …
|
-
Embora … / Mesmo que …
|
-
Although … / Even though … / Even if
…
|
| Em
último caso, … |
As a last resort, … |
-
Mesmo assim, …
|
-
Nevertheless, … / Still, …
|
-
Apesar de …
|
-
In spite of … / Despite …
|
-
Além disto, …
|
-
Besides that, … / In addition to
that, …
|
-
Não apenas …, mas também …
|
-
Not only …, but also …
|
-
Afora isso, …
|
-
Aside from that, …
|
| Pelo
menos … |
At least … |
-
De qualquer modo, … / Seja como for,
…
|
-
Anyway, … / At any rate, … / In any
case, …
|
-
Senão … / Caso contrário … / Sob
pena de ...
|
-
Otherwise … / Or else ...
|
-
Ao contrário de …
|
-
Unlike …
|
-
Em vez de … / Ao invés de …
|
-
Instead of … / In place of …
|
-
A não ser que …
|
-
Unless …
|
-
A não ser por … / Com exceção de …
|
-
Except for …
|
-
Uma vez que … / Já que …
|
-
Since …
|
|
Afinal … |
After all … |
| Por
exemplo, … |
-
For example, … / For instance, …
|
-
Em função de … / Devido a …
|
-
In face of … / Due to …
|
-
Por esta razão, … / Neste sentido …
/ Desta forma, … / Diante do
exposto, … / Levando isto em
consideração, …
|
-
For this reason, … / With this in
mind, …
|
-
Portanto, …
|
-
Therefore, … / So, …
|
-
Finalmente, … / Por fim, …
|
-
Finally, … / At last, …
|
-
Levando tudo isso em consideração, …
/ Em resumo, …
|
-
All things considered, … / Finally,
… / In summary, …
|
Abaixo segue uma lista abrangente de
palavras e locuções conectivas, agrupadas
por tipo de ligação que estabelecem. Esta
lista é de utilidade especialmente para
alunos avançados que possuem boa
familiaridade com redação em inglês:
|
INTRODUCTION |
- concerning
first of all
in the first place
initially
on the one hand
|
- regarding
speaking of
to begin with
to start with
|
- as referred to
(at) first
by the way
changing the subject
|
|
AGREEMENT |
- in accordance
in agreement
in conformity
|
- according to
as per
|
|
CONTRAST |
- by the same token
conversely
despite
even though
for all that
for (my, his, ...) part
however
in contrast
|
- in (the) face of
in (the) light of
in spite of (that)
meanwhile
nevertheless
nonetheless
notwithstanding
on the contrary
|
- on the other hand
still
then again
though
unlike
whereas
while
yet
|
- after (all)
alternatively
although
as opposed to
at the same time
but
|
|
COMPARISON |
- in comparison (with)
in the same way
similarly
|
- comparing
likewise
|
|
EMPHASIS |
- in any event
indeed
in fact
in particular
more important(ly)
most important(ly)
naturally
|
- particularly
positively
primarily
principally
specifically
the basic cause
the chief factor
|
- the key point
the main reason
unquestionably
valuable to note
without a doubt
|
- above all
a key feature
a major concern
definitely
especially significant
even more
|
|
ADDITION |
- both ... and
either ... or
equally important
further
furthermore
in addition (to)
indeed
jointly
|
- last but not least
likewise
moreover
neither ... nor
next
not only ... but also
not to mention
not to speak of
|
- on top of that
or
plus
similarly
together with
what's more
|
- again
also
and (then)
as well as
at the same time
besides
|
|
TIME RELATIONSHIP |
- nowadays
presently
shortly (after)
simultaneously
since
so far
soon
temporarily
|
- then
thereafter
throughout
thereupon
until
up until now
while
yet at the same time
|
- after a while
afterward(s)
as time goes by
at last
at present
at this point
currently
|
- here
immediately
in the meantime
lately
later
meanwhile
now
|
|
SEQUENCE OF
EVENTS |
- later
after that
finally
|
- first
second
third
|
- following
then
next
|
|
EXPLANATION OF CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE |
- as
because
due to
for
|
- in order that
now that
since
|
- so (that)
that is because
that is why
|
|
RESULT |
- hence
in short
so much (so) that
so ... that
such ... that
|
- then
thereby
therefore
thus
truly
|
- accordingly
as a consequence
as a result
consequently
for this reason
|
-
CIRCUMSTANCES
|
- in my opinion
- in terms of
- in the midst of
- on the part of
|
- as a last resort
- as a rule
- from the standpoint of
|
- PARTIAL
COMMITMENT
|
- as far as I understand
- as well as I know
- for the time being
- so far
|
- as far as I know
- as far as I'm concerned
|
-
CONDITION
|
- if not
in case of
in case (that)
in the event of
|
- in the event (that)
only if
or (else)
otherwise
|
- provided (that)
providing (that)
whether or not
|
- as long as
even if
if
|
- DISMISSAL
|
- anyway
at any rate
|
- in any case
whatever the case may be
|
- EXCEPTION
/ EXCLUSION
|
- aside from
except for
|
- not ... yet
unless
|
- EXAMPLE
|
- including
in particular
in this case
in this manner
|
- namely
such as
take the case of
that is
|
- the following example
to illustrate
|
- for example
for instance
in another case
|
- PURPOSE
|
- in order to
in return for
to the purpose of
|
- to this end
with this in mind
with this purpose
|
- for this reason
for your information
in an effort to
|
-
SUBSTITUTION
|
- in place of
instead of
|
- or rather
in exchange for
|
-
REITERATION / REFORMULATION
|
- as I have said
in other words
more simply
|
- rather
that is
to put it another way
|
-
INTERMEDIATING
|
- in doing so
this way
through (which)
|
- by
by means of
|
-
CONCESSION
|
- at the same time
granted that
I admit
|
- it may appear that
naturally
of course
|
- after all
although it is true that
although this may be true
|
- EVIDENCE
|
- indeed
it's no wonder
naturally
needless to say
|
- obviously
of course
without question
without a doubt
|
- as you (anyone) can see
certainly
evidently
|
-
CONCLUSION / SUMMARY
|
- in conclusion
in short
in summary
last(ly)
on the whole
|
- overall
thus
to conclude
to summarize
to sum up
|
- after all
all in all
all things considered
as I have said
|
- as we have seen
at last
finally
in brief
|
|
|
|
Dúvidas? Então
escreva para:
idiomas@iplugados.com |
|